Geneva, Suisse: Umunyamabanga uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, Amb. Martin Ngoga, aravuga ko isi ikwiye guhagurukira ikibazo cy’urwango rusakazwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, cyane cyane mu ndimi zidakoreshwa cyane cyangwa rukaba ruhishwe mu magambo y’ikinyoma.
Ibi yabivuze ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 16 Kamena, mu nama yo kuzirikana no kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wo Kurwanya Urwango (International Day for Countering Hate Speech), uba buri mwaka ku ya 18 Kamena.
Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’abari aho, uwo munsi ugamije kongera ubushake mpuzamahanga bwo guhangana n’ibikorwa bishingiye ku ivangura, amacakubiri n’urwango, by’umwihariko bishingiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, urwango narwo rugenda rurushaho kwihisha no gukwira
Ambasaderi Ngoga yagarutse ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, agaragaza uburyo urwango rwatejwe na za radiyo, ibinyamakuru na politiki mbi byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura no gukangurira abaturage kwica bagenzi babo.
Yagize ati: “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatwigishije ko gutiza umurindi amagambo y’urwango bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe. Kuri ubu, n’ubwo uburyo n’inzira bikoresha byahindutse, ingaruka z’ibivugwa ntiziragabanuka.”
Ati “Ikoranabuhanga, by’umwihariko amakuru(content) akorwa n’ubwenge nuhangano (artificial intelligence (AI), atuma urwango rukwira vuba kurusha ukuri, rugashyira mu kaga amahoro abantu baba barubakiye imyaka n’imyaka.”
Amb. Ngoga yavuze ko imiyoborere y’imbuga nkoranyambaga igomba kuvugururwa, kuko porogaramu n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugenzura amagambo yangiza akenshi butamenya neza amagambo y’urwango iyo abaye mu ndimi zitarushaho kwitabwaho, cyangwa iyo abaye mu mvugo zizeweho gusobekeranya (coded language).
U Rwanda rurasaba uburyo bujyanye n’igihe, bushingiye ku muco, ku rurimi no ku mateka y’abaturage
Ambasaderi Ngoga asanga isi ikeneye gukoresha uburyo bushya bushingiye ku makuru afatika (data-driven), ku muco w’abaturage (cultural context), no ku ndimi (linguistic realities), kugira ngo habeho gushyiraho ibimenyetso by’imbuzi (early warning systems) byaburira hakiri kare igihe hari urwango rwatangiye gukwira.
ati: “Mu karere kacu aho amateka ya Jenoside atarasibangana, uburyo bwo gukumira urwango bugomba kwita ku baturage bibasiwe, bwubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga, kandi bwubakiye ku bufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye.”
Yongeye gusaba ko guverinoma zidashobora kubikora zonyine, kandi ko ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga nabyo bitagomba gukora nk’aho ari byo byonyine bifite inshingano. Ubufatanye bwa Leta, sosiyete sivile n’abikorera ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubutumwa bugamije gucamo ibice busimbuzwe ubujyanye n’ubumwe.
Ubutumwa bukomeye buvuye ku Rwanda: “Twarahiriye kutazongera kwihanganira urwango”
Mu gushyigikira ibyo yavugaga, Ngoga yagarutse ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), by’umwihariko urubanza rwa Ferdinand Nahimana n’abandi baregwaga gukoreshwa itangazamakuru bagakangurira Jenoside. Aho, Urukiko rwasobanuye neza umupaka uhuza ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo n’amagambo y’urwango ashingiye ku bugizi bwa nabi.
yagize ati: “Abibaza aho umurongo ugera hagati y’ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga n’amagambo y’ivangura, uru rubanza ruracyari urw’icyitegererezo hari amasomo menshi twakuramo,”
Uburemere bw’amagambo n’ubukana bw’ikoranabuhanga
Umuryango w’Abibumbye binyuze muri gahunda yawo yo kurwanya urwango (UN Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech) wasobanuye ko amagambo y’urwango ari amakuru cyangwa inyandiko zibasira umuntu cyangwa itsinda runaka hashingiwe ku moko, idini, igitsina, cyangwa indi ndangagaciro y’indangamuntu.
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga nka AI rifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusanzu mu gutahura ibimenyetso by’urwango hakiri kare, rifite n’imbogamizi nyinshi iyo ridafashijwe n’amasano y’amategeko arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Mu 2021, Inama Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yemeje ko tariki ya 18 Kamena iba Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wo Kurwanya Urwango. Ibyo byakozwe mu rwego rwo gukangurira isi yose gukumira amagambo ateza amacakubiri, ivangura, urwango, n’intambara.
Uyu munsi ushingiye ku nyandiko yashyizweho ku ya 18 Kamena 2019, igaragaza ingamba zo kurwanya amagambo yangiza, hagamijwe gushimangira amahoro, ubumwe, n’ubwubahane bw’abantu mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga itihanganira guceceka mu gihe abandi bateshwa agaciro.
“Isi twifuza ni iyubakiye ku bwumvikane no ku mahoro. Ntidushobora kongera kwemera ko urwango, yaba mu ndimi zose cyangwa ku mbuga zose, rwongera kugira ububasha bwo kwambura abantu ubuzima cyangwa icyizere cy’ejo hazaza,”– Ambasaderi Martin Ngoga.
