Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’isigaratongo (archeologists) batangaje ko babonye umujyi wa kera cyane muri Peru, wubatswe mu myaka 3,500 ishize.
Uyu mujyi mushya wagaragajwe witwa Peñico, uherereye mu karere ka Barranca, mu majyaruguru ya Lima, umurwa mukuru wa Peru. Ni umwe mu mijyi y’ingenzi y’ibihe bya kera bigaragaza uko abantu babayeho mbere y’iterambere rizwi mu mateka.
Uyu mujyi ushobora kuba warashinzwe hagati y’umwaka wa 1800 mbere ya Yesu na 1500 mbere ya Yesu. Ku ruhande rw’ubushakashatsi, umujyi wa Peñico ufatwa nk’inkingi y’ingenzi mu buhahirane bwo hambere hagati y’akarere ko ku nkombe z’inyanja ya Pasifika, imisozi ya Andes, n’ishyamba rya Amazon. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko uyu mujyi wari ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi n’imihahirane hagati y’utwo turere dutandukanye, utanga ishusho y’imibanire n’itumanaho hagati y’abaturage bo muri ibyo bice bitandukanye by’igihugu cya Peru.
Imwe mu nyubako zagaragajwe muri Peñico harimo ikibuga cy’umuringa (circular plaza), cyubatswe ku butumburuke bwa metero 600 uvuye ku rwego rw’inyanja, kigaragaza ko abawubakaga bari bafite ubumenyi buhanitse mu myubakire. Hari n’izindi nyubako 18 zizengurutse icyo kibuga, zirimo insengero z’imihango n’inzu abaturage babagamo. Byagaragaye ko abari batuye Peñico bifashishaga amabuye n’ibikoresho by’akazi gakomeye mu kubaka izo nyubako z’imena.
Uyu mujyi washyizwe ahagaragara n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bayobowe na Dr Ruth Shady, umugore w’inararibonye mu by’ubushakashatsi ku muco wa Caral—umuco wa kera cyane muri Amerika y’Epfo, ubanziriza indi yose izwi muri aka karere. Yafatanyije na Marco Machacuay wo muri Minisiteri y’Umuco ya Peru.
Basobanura ko Peñico ishobora kuba yarateye imbere nyuma y’aho umuco wa Caral wari umaze gushegeshwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uyu mujyi ushobora kuba warafashije mu gukomeza uburyo bwo gusangira ubumenyi n’ibikoresho hagati y’imisozi, ishyamba n’inkombe.
Ibimenyetso byafashije muri iri tangazo birimo ibisigazwa by’imihango nk’impeta z’ibikoresho bya muzika (pututu), ibishushanyo by’abantu n’inyamaswa bikozwe muri sima, ibikoresho byo mu mihango, n’ibindi byifashishwaga mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ubu bushakashatsi butanze icyizere ku bumenyi bushya ku bijyanye n’imibereho n’iterambere ry’imijyi mu gihe cy’ibanze cyane mu mateka y’abatuye Amerika y’Amajyepfo.