Mu mwaka wa 2016, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi n’ababungabunga amateka baturutse muri Kaminuza ya Tekiniki ya Athens (National Technical University of Athens), bafatanyije n’ikigo National Geographic, bakoze igikorwa cy’amateka cyatangaje benshi ku isi: gufungura imva ya Yesu Kristo bwa mbere nyuma y’imyaka irenga 500 idakorwaho n’abantu.
Ibi byabereye mu rusengero rwitwa “Church of the Holy Sepulchre” ruri i Yeruzalemu, ahazwi cyane n’Abakirisitu nk’ahashyinguwe Umukiza Yesu nyuma yo kubambwa, ndetse n’aho yaje kuzuka ku munsi wa gatatu.
Imva yari isanzwe izitiwe n’ibuye rinini ryitwa “slab” ryashyizweho mu myaka ya kera mu rwego rwo kurinda aho bivugwa ko Yesu yari ashyinguye. Iri buye ryashyizweho n’abayobozi ba Kiliziya mu kinyejana cya 16, mu gihe hari impungenge ko abantu bashobora gushaka gutwara uduce tw’iyo mva nk’amatongo yera cyangwa ngo hagire indi mpamvu ituma hamenyekana ku buryo bwagutse.
Iri buye ntabwo ryari ryarigeze rikurwaho kuva icyo gihe, kugeza ubwo abashakashatsi baherewe uburenganzira bwo kurikuraho mu rwego rwo gusuzuma no gusanura inyubako y’iyo mva yari yaratangiye kwangirika.
Ubwo iri buye ryavanwagaho, abashakashatsi basanze munsi yaryo hari irindi buye rikomeye rikoze muri limestone – igitaka gikomeye kera gikoreshwa mu nyubako za kera – byemezwa ko ari ryo buye imva y’ukuri yubakiweho.
Mu kindi gitangaza cyavumbuwe, basanze irindi buye ryijimye riri munsi yaryo rifite ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba, bashingiye ku mateka bavuga ko iryo buye ryashyizweho n’Abakirisitu b’Abakurazade (Crusaders) mu kinyejana cya 12, mu gihe cy’ingendo za gikirisitu.
Ibi byatangajwe n’abari bayoboye ubushakashatsi, aho bagaragaje ko nubwo nta bisigazwa by’umubiri wa Yesu cyangwa amagufa babonye, ibyo babonye byemeje ko ahantu hahora huzuyemo ukwemera kw’Abakirisitu hashobora kuba ari ho hantu nyir’izina Yesu yashyinguwe. Basobanuye ko igisenge cy’imva gisa nk’ikitigeze gihinduka kuva mu kinyejana cya kane, igihe umwamikazi Elena, nyina wa Emperor Constantine, yasuraga Palestina ashaka ahantu nyakuri habayeho aya mateka.
Iri suzuma ryamaze iminsi myinshi, kandi ryakurikiranwaga hafi n’inzego zinyuranye za Kiliziya Gatolika, Abagiriki ba Orthodox, n’abandi bayobozi b’amadini bashinzwe gucunga iyo mva. Guhuza kwabo mu gufungura iyo mva ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by’ubumwe bw’amatorero, kuko mu myaka yahise habayeho amakimbirane menshi ku bijyanye n’icungwa ry’iyo mva.
Umushakashatsi mukuru, Antonia Moropoulou, yatangaje ko gufungura iyo mva ari igikorwa cy’amateka atazibagirana, kigaragaza uruhare rukomeye rw’ubushakashatsi n’ubumenyi mu gusobanura amateka y’ukwemera. Ati: “Iri ni irindi huza rikomeye mu mateka y’ubukirisitu n’isi yose, kuko bwa mbere abantu bashoboye kubona aho benshi bemera ko Yesu yashyinguwe.”
Ibi bikorwa byari biteganijwe kumara iminsi itanu, ariko bikomeza kugenda byiyongera bitewe n’ibyo bakomezaga kuvumbura. Ibipimo bya siyansi, ubusesenguzi bw’imiterere y’aho hantu, hamwe n’inyandiko z’amateka zemeje ko iri suzuma ryagaragaje ibintu bitari bizwi neza mbere.
Kuva ubwo, ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwerekanye ko imva ya Yesu n’inyubako iyitwikiriye bifite agaciro gakomeye ku rwego rw’amateka, ukwemera, ndetse no ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga. Byatanze icyizere gishya mu gukomeza gusigasira ahantu hatagatifu no guhuza ubumenyi n’ukwemera mu gukomeza kumva amateka y’Isi n’inkomoko y’ukwemera kwa gikirisitu.