Ku ya 3 Nyakanga 1608, Umufaransa witwaga Samuel de Champlain yashinze umujyi wa Quebec, ahantu hafatwa nk’inkingi y’ingenzi mu mateka ya Canada.
Champlain yari intumwa y’igihugu cy’u Bufaransa, agambiriye gushinga ibirindiro bya koloni ku butaka bushya, azirikana ku kamaro k’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane ubwo gucuruza ubugeni bw’inyamaswa buzwi nka “fourrure”. Icyo gihe, yahisemo agace kari ku nkengero z’umugezi wa Saint Lawrence, aho amazi yagabanukiraga agahindura icyerekezo, ahita ahitamo kuhita Quebec, izina rikomoka ku rurimi rw’Abasangwabutaka Algonquin risobanura “Aho amazi agabanuka.”
Kubaka Quebec byari igikorwa cyafunguriye amarembo ubukoloni bw’Abafaransa muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru. Umujyi wahindutse igicumbi cy’ubutegetsi bwa Nouvelle-France, ndetse uza no kuba igicumbi cy’ubucuruzi hagati y’Abafaransa n’amoko y’Abasangwabutaka. Iyi mikoranire yakurikiranywe no gucengerana k’umuco n’ururimi, ibintu bigaragarira mu miryango imwe n’imwe yavuyemo Abanyacanada bavuga Igifaransa kugeza ubu.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Quebec yahuye n’intambara zikomeye z’ubukoloni. Muri 1759, mu ntambara ya Seven Years’ War, ingabo z’u Bwongereza ziyobowe na General James Wolfe zatsinze iz’Abafaransa zari ziyobowe na Marquis de Montcalm ku rugamba ruzwi nka Plains of Abraham. Ibi byatumye Quebec igwa mu maboko y’Abongereza, ariko ntibyakuraho umuco n’ururimi by’Abafaransa. Ahubwo, Quebec yakomeje kuba igicumbi cy’abavuga Igifaransa muri Canada, ndetse kugeza n’ubu, umujyi ugira uruhare rukomeye mu kurinda ururimi n’umuco by’abakomoka ku Bafaransa.
Quebec y’ubu ni umurwa mukuru wa Province de Québec, imwe mu ntara zifite uburenganzira bwihariye muri Canada. Ni umujyi utuwe n’abantu b’abanyamurava, bagaragaza ishema ry’umuco wabo w’Igifaransa n’ingenzi ku mateka y’igihugu. Usibye kuba igicumbi cy’amateka, Quebec ni n’ahantu h’ubukerarugendo bukomeye kubera ibiranga amateka byaho, ibibumbano, inyubako za kera n’imihanda y’amabuye yubatswe mu buryo bw’ubwubatsi bw’Abafaransa bwasaga n’ubwo mu Burayi.
Amateka yo gushingwa kwa Quebec ni intandaro y’iyubakwa rya Canada y’ubu. Aho Champlain yashyize ibuye ry’ifatizo mu 1608, ni ho hatangiriye inkuru y’igihugu cyubakiye ku mico n’ururimi bibiri, Igifaransa n’Icyongereza, byose byashibutse ku mateka y’ubukoloni ariko bikaza kubyara umuryango uharanira ubumwe n’iterambere.