Mu gitondo cy’umunsi w’ubwigenge, tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, izuba ryarasiye ku Rwanda nk’igihugu cyigenga.
Abanyarwanda, barimo abakuru n’abato, baririmbaga, banezerewe, bamwe barangwa n’amarira y’ibyishimo byo kuva mu mwijima w’ubukoloni, bagatangira urugendo rushya nk’igihugu cyigenga. Ariko se, uru rugendo rwo kwibohora rwatangiye gute?
Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, u Rwanda rwari mu maboko y’abakoloni b’Abadage. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yose, mu mwaka wa 1916, Abadage batsinzwe n’Ababiligi, maze u Rwanda rujya mu maboko y’u Bubiligi rubinyujije mu masezerano ya League of Nations, nyuma rukaba igihugu kiri mu maboko y’ubutegetsi bw’agateganyo ya Loni. Ababiligi bayoboye igihugu binyuze mu gutegekesha ubwami bwa cyami, ariko banazana ubusumbane bushingiye ku bwoko n’imibereho,
Mu mwaka wa 1959, hadutse igikorwa cyafashe isura ya revolisiyo. Abaturage, cyane cyane abahutu, batangiye kwigaragambya bamagana ubutegetsi bwa cyami n’ubusumbane bwari bwarahindutse akarande. Ku nshuro ya mbere, ijwi rya rubanda ryatangiye kumvwa, risaba impinduka, ko ubutegetsi bwava mu maboko y’abari barabuhawe. Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza k’uwo mwaka, hatangiye imvururu zasembuwe n’iyi revolisiyo, zatumye benshi mu Batutsi bava mu gihugu bajya mu buhungiro, abandi bagatakaza imyanya mu buyobozi.
Mu 1961, inama y’abakuru b’igihugu n’abahagarariye rubanda yabereye i Gitarama yatangaje ko ubutegetsi bwa cyami buvuyeho, hashyirwaho Repubulika ya mbere iyobowe na Grégoire Kayibanda. Amatora yemewe n’amategeko yateguwe n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi hamwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, maze rubanda rutora ubuyobozi bushya. Abanyarwanda bari batangiye kwiyumva nk’abafite igihugu cyabo, amahitamo yabo, n’icyerekezo cyabo.
Tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, ni umunsi utazibagirana mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Ni wo munsi igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge bwuzuye, kivanwaho ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi, cyemerwa n’amahanga nk’igihugu kigenga. I Kigali, ibendera ry’u Bubiligi ryarururukijwe, irya Repubulika y’u Rwanda rirazamurwa, maze urwanaga rw’impundu rusimbuzwa ibihe by’amateka mabi y’ubukoroni.
Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda bwari igisubizo cy’amarira n’imiborogo byari byaraturutse ku butegetsi bushingiye ku ivangura. Ariko kandi, bwari n’isoko y’ibibazo bishya, kuko igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Repubulika ariko kitaravuga rumwe ku mibanire n’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa bose. Uburyo ubwigenge bwagezweho bwahinduye amateka, ariko ntibwahise bukemura ibibazo byose byari biri mu mizi y’imiyoborere mibi.
Icyakora, kuba u Rwanda rwarabashije kwiyoborera, rukaba rwaratangiriye aho urugendo rw’iterambere n’ubumwe, ni intambwe ikomeye. N’ubwo byasabye imyaka n’amarira, itariki ya 1 Nyakanga yahindutse amateka y’igihugu burundu—ituma Abanyarwanda batangira kwiyumva nk’abagenga b’ejo hazaza habo.