Mu bihe by’izuba, ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera ku buryo bukabije, bigatera impinduka zitandukanye ku buzima bwa muntu. Abashakashatsi b’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, WHO, baraburira abantu ko ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mubiri n’ubwonko, ndetse bikanahitana ubuzima bw’abantu mu gihe hatabayeho kwitwararika.
Muri raporo yasohowe na WHO/Europe ku wa 23 Kamena 2025, hagaragajwe uburyo ubushyuhe bwo mu gihe cy’izuba bushobora kwangiza ubuzima n’ingamba buri wese yakwifashisha kugira ngo agume atekanye.
Mu buryo busanzwe, umubiri wa muntu ugenzura ubushyuhe ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutakaza ubushyuhe binyuze mu kwituma, kubwira ibyuya no guhumeka. Ariko iyo ubushyuhe bwo hanze burenze ubushobozi bwo kwigenzura k’umubiri, bishobora gutera indwara zinyuranye (heat exhaustion), ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora guhitana umuntu (heat stroke), ndetse n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso uhindagurika, umutima udatera neza, no kugira ikibazo ku bwonko n’imyitwarire.
Abantu bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugirwaho n’ingaruka z’ubushyuhe. Abo barimo abana bato, abakuze, abarwayi bafite indwara zidakira nk’iz’umutima na diyabete, abari ku miti igabanya ubushyuhe bw’umubiri, abakorera imirimo hanze ku zuba nko mu bwubatsi cyangwa ubuhinzi, ndetse n’abantu batishoboye baba ahantu hatagira ubukonje n’amazi meza.
Ubushyuhe bukabije si ikibazo cy’abantu ku giti cyabo gusa, ahubwo ni ikibazo rusange cyane cyane mu mijyi. Icyo bita “urban heat island” ni igihe imijyi ifite ibikoresho byinshi bikurura ubushyuhe nka sima n’amazu maremare iba ifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kurusha ahandi, bigatuma abantu bahatuye bibasirwa cyane n’ubushyuhe.
Uretse ibibazo by’umubiri, ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora no kugira ingaruka ku mitekerereze y’abantu. Bushobora gutera umunaniro ukabije, ihungabana riterwa n’ibidukikije, isesemi, kwigunga, kwibagirwa ndetse no gucika intege. Abantu benshi bakoresha uburyo bwo gukomeza imirimo nk’uko bisanzwe, ariko badatekereje ku ngaruka z’ibihe bidasanzwe, bikaba byabakururira akaga.
WHO igira inama abantu bose yo kugerageza kwiyitaho, bivuze gufata ingamba zoroshye ariko zifite akamaro ko kugumana ubukonje no kwirinda ingaruka z’ubushyuhe. Inama ya mbere ni ukwirinda gusohoka mu gihe cy’amasaha y’ubushyuhe bwinshi nk’igihe kiri hagati ya saa yine na saa kumi n’ebyiri. Ni byiza kuba ahantu hari umwuka uhagije, hari igicucu cyangwa hari ubukonje nk’ahari amazi cyangwa ahantu hagenzurwa n’ibyuma bitanga umuyaga.
Ni ingenzi kandi kugumana ubukonje mu nzu. Ibi bishobora gukorwa ufunze amadirishya n’inzugi mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ukirinda gukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha umuriro cyane, kandi ugakoresha imirasire y’izuba n’imirasire y’umucyo ku buryo buyungurura ubushyuhe. Niba ufite amahirwe yo kugira ibikoresho bizana akayaga cyangwa ventilator, bikoreshe mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo uhindure ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu.
Ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi ni ugukonjesha umubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora gukorwa unywa amazi menshi (byibura litiro ebyiri ku munsi), koga kenshi cyangwa gukaraba amazi akonje, kwambara imyenda yoroheje, itijimye kandi ifunguye, ndetse no gufata umwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka.
Hari kandi inama yo kugira umutima wo gufasha abandi, cyane cyane abakuze, abamugaye n’abana. Kubasura, kubamenya uko bameze no kubaha ubufasha igihe bikenewe bishobora gukiza ubuzima. WHO inasaba ibihugu gushyiraho gahunda zihamye zo kurwanya ubushyuhe, zirimo gukurikirana amakuru y’ikirere, gutanga ubutumwa bugezweho ku baturage, gufungura ahantu hakonje rusange, no guhugura abaganga n’abashinzwe ubuzima ku buryo bwo kwita ku barwayi bagizweho ingaruka n’ubushyuhe.
Mu gihe isi ikomeza guhura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ubushyuhe bukabije buzagenda bwiyongera kenshi. Gufata ingamba hakiri kare ni cyo gisubizo kirambye. Kumenya amakuru, gufasha abandi no kwitwararika ni intwaro za mbere zo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bukabije mu gihe cy’izuba.